I am an American teaching in China for 5 years. I am married to a Chinese woman. I want a Q visa.

I think you should apply for the D type, because if you have a home and been married for 5 years straight while staying in there all that time than you qualify for the D type. Thats how I got mine under the new so called Chinese Green card deal. I have been for 12 years, bought a house and only left for vacations and I got the green card in 2014. So can you. Otherwise if you still need a Q type just take your and yourself to the PSB and than they'll give you the Q type there.