Answered by Borut | Nov. 09, 2023 23:48
Pascal, I am correct when I understand that your itinerary will look exactly like this:
Frankfurt - Beijing - Manila
and then
Manila - Shenzhen - Frankfurt (with side trip to Hong Kong)
Under the assumptions that you have mentioned your all stops, I will tell you that your first journey is fine and definitely covered by 24 hour visa free transit, so you do not need any kind of visa.
Your second plan is highly problematic. Well, if you we remove side trip to Hong Kong, you are fine again because you will be also covered by 24 hour visa free transit and you do not need any kind of visa.
As far as Hong Kong is concerned, the answer is no because you are not allowed to make an exit to Hong Kong under 24 hour visa free transit. If only your layover in Shenzhen was a minute longer than 24 hours, you would be covered by 144 hour visa free transit and in that case, you would be allowed to exit Hong Kong, by pre-booked ferry ticket and after your exploration of Hong Kong to return to Shenzhen by applying for 5 days Shenzhen visa on arrival to reach the airport and to continue with your flight from Shenzhen to Frankfurt.
Turkish stamp is not a problem. If asked, you will just reply that you were there for a holidays, sun & sea or shopping.