I have a 1 time entry visa and a valid residence permit. can i go outside mainland and come back?

Hi i first had a 1 entry type with 30 days to stay in China (i am here for a 10 months course) within those 30 days the University took my passport (did the official things they do) and gave it back to me with a residence permit valid till the end of my course, my question is, can i go back to my country during the spring break and come back and enter it using the permit? Or do i have to apply for a new one?