Can I apply for a Chinese spouse visa in USA if I'm not a resident?

Hi, I just got married to an American citizen. We're temporary living in California. But we're moving to China soon. My husband will apply for a Student X type, and I'll apply for a spouse type. Can I apply here in the United States even though I'm not a resident? If the answer is no, can I mail my passport to the PRC consulate in Colombia (where I'm originally from) so they can process it there. I don't want to go all the way back to Colombia just for that.