I am a German traveling around Southamerica for the next 2 months and after it I will go to China.

It is possible to apply for it in Buenos Aires. In general, you need to provide your round trip tickets to China, hotel booking in China, valid passport, application form with recent taken photo, your proof of legal status in Buenos Aires to apply for it in local Chinese embassy. Usually, the processing days are around 4 working days.

Okay great, thanks a lot for the fast answer! Do you also know where I can get the application form?

Jan, you can either download it from the website of Chinese embassy in your country or visit any embassy page on this website and download it from the top of the page.