Answered by Mr.Ken from United States | Mar. 22, 2009 20:45
The Mandate of Heaven (天命 Pīnyīn: Tiānmng) is a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. Heaven would bless the authority of a just ruler, but would be displeased with a despotic ruler and would withdraw their mandate. The Mandate of Heaven would then transfer to those who would rule best.
The Mandate of Heaven was a well-accepted idea among the common people of China, as it argues for the removal of incompetent or despotic rulers, and provided an incentive for rulers to rule well and justly. The concept was often invoked by philosophers and scholars in ancient China as a way to curtail the abuse of power by the political rulers.
The Mandate of Heaven had no time limitations, instead depending on the just and able performance of the ruler. The Mandate also does not require that a legitimate ruler be of noble birth, and in fact, dynasties were often founded by people of modest birth (such as the Han dynasty and Ming dynasty). The concept of the Mandate of Heaven was first used to support the rule of the kings of the Zhou Dynasty and was the subject of much debate in the warring states period that followed. It was later used to support the rule of the Emperors of China. "Mandate of Heaven" was also the first era name of the Qing Dynasty.