Transit via two Chinese cities

Anna, could you please clarify your question. I understand that you have booked the tickets from Qingdao to Beijing and from Beijing to Copenhagen, but are you saying that you plan to travel from Japan via Qingdao and Beijing to Copenhagen? Also, I don't properly understand the detail where are you talking about leaving China to Japan? Could I assume that you are already in China and that you intend to fly to Japan and after that to return to Copenhagen via China (Qingdao and Beijing)?

Anyway, in case that you are already in China, I will assume that you are on some kind of visa and that you plan to travel to Japan, stay there and then return to Copenhagen via China. If I'm right, you can use 24 hours visa free transit through China, but you should take care that your entire transit, from your first scheduled landing in Qingdao until your last scheduled departure from Beijing there should be no more than 24 hours.