Details about the 53 Qualified Countries

Hello, I'm french and I'm travelling to Vietnam. I'd like visit Beijing on my way back to France but I did not understand if I'm allowed to do so. Does the fact I'm travelling from Vietnam (which is not one the 53 qualified countries) is a problem ? Or does my French passport is the only thing I need to get that 144 hr visa ?

Thank you in advance for your help.