What can I do for 9 hours and 40 min layover in Pudong Airport? Can I go out and visit tourist spot?

If you want to go out of the airport, you need to apply for a 24-hour free stay when you board on the flight to SH.

I'm also glad to give you suggestions for the visit.
You can take Maglev and transfer to metro line 2 at Longyang Rd, and then get off at Nanjing Rd(E).
Then you can visit the Nanjing Rd Pedestrian Street.
After that, you can walk east along the road for about 20 minutes to the Bund.
At last, take a taxi to Yuyuan Garden, which is about 2 km far from the Bund.