Israel visa issue

If you transit in Shanghai, then a transit G type is enough.

Transit G type is the free one or the one that costs 30$ for one entrance? Also, how long in advance should I apply for it? Thank you so much!

if you make the application from Israel, it is the one that costs NIS 100 for one entrance, and you are advised to apply one month prior to the trip.

Thank you so so much!
Do you know if I have to do this in Israel? (I am already traveling in Cambodia, Thailand and Laos and won't be back to Israel until after the connection flight). If I have from israel, can someone do it for me in Israel and without my passport but with a photocopy of the passport and my ID? And send to me the visa approval by mail?

You cannot apply for a Chinese visa from Israel if you are not in there. You can try to make the application from other qualified countries. Or you can apply after you go back to your home country.