USA citizen needing to get Chinese Visa while in Costa Rica

Jasmin, it's possible to get it from the Chinese consulate/embassy in Costa Rica as long as you have valid residence permit in there. Otherwise, I'm afraid it's rather difficult for you to get it.

Thank you for the info. I will just be staying there as a tourist so I will not have residence permit. My departure date for China is April 18th. I return from Costa Rica on April 1st. Would you say that is enough time to get my entry permit?

It usually takes four working days for the processing, so you have enough time for that.

One last question. If I apply for a 1yr Visa that means I can apply for it really at any time before my trip correct? If I apply let's say on November... I would be good for April 18th correct? No expiration on when I can enter as long as it is during the 1yr? Do you know if it takes longer to process 1yr and 10yr entry permits?
I am referring to applying for it while in the USA.

You are right. You can apply for a 1yr or 10yr visa at present, and you can enter China on April 18th as long as you can get 1yr or 10yr one. It won't take longer time, usually four working days are needed to process the application.