Obtaining a residency in China

I am currently working in Qatar and have been married to a Chinese national since 7th August 2015, I have visited China 3 times. My next visit will be when I finish work and I intend to stay there. What visa form do I complete for the initial travel as it is not for holiday/tourism and do I then visit an immigration office to obtain temporary and eventually permanent residency?
Or, can I obtain a temporary residency permit here in Qatar before I go out there?

I am a British national.