does the bullet train from Chengdu to chongqing take you directly to river boat

No. The bullet train from Chengdu arrives at Chongqing North Railway Station, which is about 12 kilometers from the Chaotianmen Port.

From the station, you can take subway line 3 to Hongqihegou Station, then change to line 6 and get off at Xiaoshizi Station, leave from Exit 8 and walk to the port. If you opt to public bus, you may take bus no. 105 at the south square of the station and get off at Xinhua Road Station, then walk to the port. If you take a taxi directly, the fare is around CNY25.

By the way, you can take the downstream cruise from Chongqing to Yichang.