Can I use a 72 hour transit visa without going to the local police station?

Joost, where will you live? If you stay at hotel, you needn't register at local police station because the hotel can do this on your behalf. If you stay at any friend's home, you should register at local police station within 24 hours. Also they should accompany you to do the registration. If they are Chinese, their ID card and household registration book are required.