apply at the local police station for a Temporary Residence Permit

Something missing in most Visa Information pages is that once entered China, depending on the circumstances, visitors must apply at the local police station for a Temporary Residence Permit.
I've read in various posts that S2 holders don't need to, but that's not the current case. I guess laws change constantly.
So as far as I know, S2 holders do still have to register at the police station within 72h after entering China for a temporary residence permit (a paper) with the documentation of the address they are going to stay (either hotel or apartment contract). Moreover this, they'll also have to apply for some other "residence card", even though their stay is supposed to be under 180 days.
One of my friends did have the paper, but once he tried to update his address to a new apartment, police officers hold his passport to fine him (in order to avoid 2 weeks of jail) as that paper was not enough.

Could someone please confirm the steps to follow once arriving in China? How are those paperwork called in Chinese? As most local officers do not speak English.

Thanks in advance