Can israeli passport holder issue a visa from bangkok to china?

Aviv, I think you should apply from Chinese embassy in your country. It's true that people from certain countries like US, UK and Canada apply successfully from Chinese embassy in Bangkok. However, it doesn't mean that all nationals can apply there. You'd better contact the embassy to confirm this.

Tel: 0066-2-2450888
Email: chinaemb_thmfa.gov.cn