How do I get from Bejing airport to a railway station to go to Jinan, Shangdong.

There is no train running to Jinan at that time. The first high-speed train leaves at 07:00 from the West Railway Station. You'd better find a hotel around the West Train Station to stay overnight, then go to take the train in the early morning. From the airport, you can take shuttle bus line 2 to Xidan at that time, then catch a taxi to get there.