I am sudanese with a residency in Qatar, Do I need a visa to Hong Kong. if yes, how long will take?

You do need a visa to enter and stay in Hk. The visa process may take about four weeks normally. I'm not sure whether there is express or rush service provided by the China Embassy in Qatar. I advise you contact the embassy directly to confirm this yourself. You may also contact the Hk Immigration Department by enquiry hotline at (852) 2824 6111 or by fax at (852) 2877 7711 directly.