You can ask for expedited service. Consuls will make the decision depending on the quantity of applications of that day. Since it taks some time to process visas, same day rush visas are generally picked up about 2:15pm. You must enter into the Application Hall before 2:30pm when it is closed. Applicants should pay extra $30 dollars per visa for same day pickup

However, China Consulate in New York doesn't give a promise that any applicant can get same day pickup service.