Shihuangdi or Shih Huang-ti orig. Zhao Zheng

born с 259 BC, Qin state, northwestern China
died 210 BC, Hebei province

Founder of the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC).

His father was king of Qin, which was regarded as barbarous by the central states of China but had developed a strong bureaucratic government under the philosophy of legalism (see Hanfeizi). Aided by Li Si, Zheng eliminated the other Chinese states until in 221 BC Qin ruled supreme. He proclaimed himself Shihuangdi ("First Sovereign Emperor") and initiated reforms designed to create a fully centralized administration. He was interested in magic and alchemy, hoping for an elixir of immortality; his reliance on magicians was strongly condemned by Confucian scholars, many of whom he executed. The scholars also advocated a return to old feudal ways; their obstinacy led him to order the burning of all nonutilitarian books. Traditional histories regarded him as the ultimate villain, cruel, uncultivated, and superstitious. Modern historians stress the endurance of his bureaucratic and administrative structure. Though the Qin dynasty collapsed after his death, future dynasties adopted his structures. He was buried in a massive tomb with an army of more than 6,000 terra-cotta soldiers and horses

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Emperor Wu of the HanDynaSty
Emperor Wu, namely Liuche, was the sixth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 24 AD). He reigned from 141 BC to 87 BC and his reign is one of the most celebrated in Chinese history. After his death, he was given a posthumous title of Emperor Shizong.

Emperor came to the throne at the age of sixteen. He carried out a series of reforms, devoted himself to military conquests and territorial expansion and that's why people call him Emperor Wu (Martial Emperor).

Emperor Wu's most important military campaigns were against the Xiongnu, an ancient tribe that lived in North China and posed a powerful threat to the Han Empire. After three expeditions, Emperor Wu finally drove the Xiongnu into the far north of Gobi, thus maintaining the safety of the Hexi Corridor. In order to avoid the aggression of other nomadic tribes, Emperor Wu also ordered the construction of the Great Wall.

In 138 BC, Emperor Wu sent a diplomatic expedition to Central Asia to try to find allies against the Xiongnu. Failed in his original purpose, Chinese ruler became aware of the cultures and customs of other nationalities. Eventually, this lead to the opening of the Silk Road which later served as a route for cultural and economical exchange between the east and the west.

In order to pay his military cost, Emperor Wu raised taxes, nationalized many private businesses and confiscated property for the nobility. He also restrained other thoughts but made Confucianism a state ideology.

During the reign of Emperor Wu, Western Han Dynasty was in a period of great prosperity.