how to apply China business visa for Egyptian nationals?

You should first prepare a filled-out application form affixed with passport-style photo, your passport and its photocopy, residence permit, your introduction letter, your company certificate and tax clearance record, and an invitation letter from your business friend, bank statement. Next, go to the embassy of China to submit the application.

do we need to set an appointment schedule or we can go direct to china embassy here in qatar along with the required documents?

As I know, you don't have to set an appointment schedule.