renew my passport at China Consulate, New York

Currently my passport expires Dec 13th,2018 and I’m not likely to get back to China to renew it upon not enough time. So I’m wondering if I’m able to renew it at China Consultate, New York? And would they take away my old passport to renew a new one? If so, would it affect me taking the AP tests since those tests require my ID. And also, I’m wondering that how long does it take for the whole process and what do I need to prepare for it?