I am a student in China, hope to work after graduation

First, you need to get a job in an accredited company for hiring foreigners. Then ask the company to get your a work permit and invitation letter from duly authorized unit. Next, take the above mentioned documents and your passport, passport copy, application form attached with your recent photo, and registration form of temporary residence, to the local exit and entry administration to change your X type to a Z type. Then renew your residence permit.