Arriving in hong kong airport at 11:00 PM, can I board the next ferry the following day?

I'm afraid not. The route from HKIA to Macau is only for flight transfer passengers. Once you go through the immigration, you cannot use it any more. For your case, I suggest you stay overnight nearby and take a bus in the next morning to Macao, and the first bus leaves at 09:10. The bus goes across Shenzhen Huanggang Border by the way! Or directly go into HK, take a ferry from HK-Macau Ferry Terminal.