I am Indian citizen staying in Qatar on Resident permit.

To begin with, you need to prepare all the application documents, including your passport, a photocopy of the passport's data page, a fully completed application form affixed with your recently-taken passport-style photo, the original and photocopy of the residence permit, and an invitation letter from the company in China. Then go to the embassy to submit the application. A few days later, return to the office and get your passport back.