Do I need visa with my Egyptian Passport?

Yes, you need to get one before travelling. First of all, get all the required materials ready, including your valid passport, a copy of the passport's photo page, a completely filled application form affixed with your recent color bare-headed photo, the original and photocopy of your Qatar residence permit, and an invitation letter from your friend. In addition, it's possible that you may be required to submit photocopies of your friend's passport and Chinese residence permit also. After all the materials are done, go to the embassy to submit the application.