What documents are needed to apply for residence permit by S1 visa holders?

In general, you need to prepare the following documents: original and copy of your valid passport, an application form, a recent taken photo, Valid Registration Form of Temporary Residence for Visitors, medical report, your marriage certificate authenticated by Chinese embassy in your country, your wife's passport and her resident permit.
Then you can go to the local Exit-Entry Adminstration Bureau for application. BTW, for the medical report, you are suggested to go to the the Adminstration Bureau to ask their appointed hospital for asking.