

What is considered as transit? Can I apply on arrival at PVG airport?
I am a Spanish passport holder. I bought already my tickets from Spain to Shanghai PVG and return (both via Moscow). Then I've got different tickets from PVG to Palawan-Philippines and return (via Manila). On arrival to PVG from Spain I will be staying at Shanghai for 26 hours and do some sightseeing. Then I will fly to Palawan for 4 days. On my way back from Palawan to PVG, I will be staying in Shanghai for less than 72hrs.
Can I apply for the 72hrs transit visa for both stops in PVG, bearing in mind that my flight to Palawan is on a different air ticket? Is this considered a real transit? If so, can I apply for it upon arrival at PVG from Spain (via Moscow) and from Palawan (via Manila)? Do I need to bring a picture with me? And last question, are these transit visas free?
Thank you very much in advance.