How is the ancient chinese empire ruled

This is a big question. I don't know the purpose of your question clearly, and anyway here is my view. In ancient time, the emperor was at the zenith of the country. However, sometimes he is not the most powerful. Here is an old saying that when a new king is crowned he Brings to the court his own favored expel those of his predecessor. The emperor was the representative of an interest group. The emperor should care about their benefit in order to stay in the high place longer. The divine right of empeor had existed for thousands of years. People admited that the emperor was the sky. If farmers didn't have the problem of hunger, they were easy to control. So, the empeor should be good at drawing officials in and control the farmers who has benifit conflict. Apart from this, the emperors gave authorities to officials but they were in charge of real power.

The Emperor of China (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Hungd) refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven (Chinese: 天子 tiānzǐ), a title that predates the Qin unification, the Emperor was recognized as the ruler of "All under heaven" (i.e., the world). In practice not every Emperor held supreme power, though this was most often the case.

Emperors from the same family are generally classified in historical periods known as Dynasties. Most of China's imperial rulers have commonly been considered members of the Han ethnicity, although recent scholarship tends to be careful about the dangers of applying current ethnic categories to historical situations. During the Yuan and Qing dynasties China was ruled by ethnic Mongolians and Manchurians respectively. A prominent historical view over the years sees these dynasties as non-native dynasties that were sinicized over time, though some more recent writers argue that the interaction between politics and ethnicity was far more complex.

Thanx man