I'm a student in Jinan ,Shandong Province.Where can I apply for visa?

You should apply for it from the embassy of Australia in Beijing.
If you want to apply for a tourist visa, you should first prepare those documents including the fully filled-out application form attached with a passport-style photo, your passport and its copy, your residence permit in China, proof of your financial support, your school certificate, your flight itinerary and hotel booking record.
Afterwards, submit the application to Beijing AVAC to apply for it.