Is transit visa needed? If so, Do I need to apply in advance or on arrival?

Hello, a Russian National having a flight from Rome to Shanghai then to Manila, the stopover in shanghai is approximately 9hrs, and would like to get out of the airport and go sightseeing while waiting. Should I apply for 24hr direct transit/temporary stay permit? And if so, do I do it on arrival at the shanghai airport or do I do it in advance? Thank you!