I only have limited time in Guangzhou, eg. Friday around 10am till next day, flight at 6pm

I suggest you live near around Haizhu Square, and it is near to the Dashatou, the largest port to take the cruise. To the giant Buddha, It is also near the Giant Buddha Temple, about 0.6 miles walking distance. And it is about 0.9 miles from the Chenghuang Temple.

Therefore, having accommodation near Haizhu Square is your best choice. Here I list some hotels for your reference.

Guangli Hotel, located at No. 158 Taikang Road.
Hotel Landmark Canton, located at No. 8 Qiaoguang Road.
Taisheng Hotel, located at No. 111 Taikang Road.