Can I get a visa in my NZ passport at the consulate in Melbourne? What documentation do I need?

Cliff, I think you can apply fom Chiense consulate in Melbourne. If you lan to hve a conference, you should apply for a F type. It requires the invitation letter from the coference host. And your valid resident permit in Australia is required too. Besides, your passport, finished application form and a recent six months passport photo are needed too.