Can I get a Residence Permit with X2 visa (180 days of study)?

Generally speaking, it is possible to get a resident permit with X2, but you need to get approval from the school. If the school approve you get resident permit, you can use the introduction letter the school issues to apply for a residence permit. If the school does not agree, you cannot change.

For your situation, it may be hard to change, since it has already past the 30 days, but it is still suggested to consult with the school first.