How does one get around in Huangshi?

I think the local buses and the taxis are enough for traveling around the city.
But the real situation depends on which places do you want to go, I think.

How safe is the city for cycling? Are there separate paths for cyclists? How extensive are the cycle routes?

It is not suggested to cycling in the city downtown area, because the cycling condition is not good.
It is suggested to cycle to some rural areas.
In the city area, it may be hard to find the seperate paths for cyclists I am afraid.
It is not very extensive for cycle routes, as I know.

Thanks Bob! Sorry to hear that it is not a bike friendly city. Going into rural areas sounds like a good idea.