I am a Chilean citizen living in USA and need a visa for China.

You can apply a visa from the Consulate General of China in New York.You can apply in person or entrust someone or a travel agency to apply for you. To remind you,as you are a Chilean in USA,you need to fill out the Supplementary Visa Application Form (Form V2011B) besides the Visa Application Form (Form V2011A),and also need to provide the original and a photocopy of proof of U.S. residency, work or study, proof of residency in the consular district (e.g. ID, water or electricity bills or tenancy agreement, etc.) or a valid U.S. visa.