Whay type of China visa do I need if I want to study Chinese language in China?

How long do you intend to stay in China? if longer than 6 months, you need to apply for a student visa (X). For this, you need to find a school in China first and get invitation letter and Form for student visa application. But if for a study less than 6 months, you may try to apply for a business visa (F). In this case, the invitation letter from China is also required, so, still you need to contact a school first. China tourist visa is not an option for you unless you will only need to stay in China for about one month.