Yes, you can get a China visa in Australia, you can apply for China visa from China embassy in Canberra, China consulate in Perth, or CVASC in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney, you don't need to make an appointment if you apply for it through China embassy in Canberra, China consulate in Perth, if you apply for it through CVASC in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney, you have to first make online appoitment through the website of CVASC.

You don't need to arrange flights and accommodation in China before you get the visa. Australian entry record should be provided, both the original and the copy besides your passport, filled visa application forms.